Together with the male suffix -ec, that was previously discussed from the Vidovic-Muha (), the research along with describes brand new Slovenian male suffix -ar
The original the main paper is approximately the new derivation from feminine and masculine nouns for disciplines during the English and you can Slovenian. The study signifies that brand new dominant form of feminine nouns from inside the one another dialects comes to derivation thru affixation, while English also features compounding. Masculinatives try uncommon in both dialects; they are primarily designed with regards to professions which were typically sensed the main women industries. The latest suffix is not productive but could nevertheless be found in the expression babicar (‘male midwife’). The most known difference between both languages would be the fact modern English seems to be leaving using gender-designated models (apart from this new unusual feminatives one to are nevertheless), whereas into the Slovenian, due to the fact confirmed of the corpus research, the effective use of feminatives is rising. The cause of this asymmetry is grounded on the reality that English enjoys a close low-existent grammatical gender system, and often uses a comparable terms to spell it out a male or female working in a specific industry. Ergo, when it comes to feminine referents the use of women nouns has become common, since the entry to male generic versions is found on brand new decline.
Our very own corpus https://gorgeousbrides.net/fi/kuumia-ja-seksikkaita-ukrainalaisia-tyttoja/ data implies that the difference ranging from male and you can women nouns to possess disciplines are best found because of the investigating its collocators, semantic choice, and you may semantic relationships (Sinclair 1996 and you will Philip 2010).
Slovenian nouns denoting procedures has obvious referents pertaining to gender, and their latest have fun with – evidenced into the corpora – suggests a definite desire to your contract anywhere between grammatical and physical genders
This new collocators off English masculine and women nouns into checked out disciplines (actress/star, policewoman/cop when you look at the waiter/waiter) demonstrates it display certain semantic surroundings: related procedures; urban centers and you can land from the career; individual names; terms and conditions explaining the grade of their work; and the normal procedures regarding the profession. Some certain associative significance are revealed whenever we check the fresh collocators outlining person characteristics and appear. Brand new feminatives commonly co-can be found that have terms to own stereotypically feminine personality traits and you may character (plus sexual
connotations). This is certainly relative to Caldas-Coulthard and Moon (2010), just who define such asymmetries having stereotypes off gender, sexualization of females, as well as as we grow old and you will actions.
Slovenian masculine/female sets to possess procedures tell you comparable findings. Out-of semantic taste, we can to see terms linked to regular measures; normal urban centers and you can landscape; relevant professions; personality traits; and appear. Yet the corpus investigation together with inform you specific tall distinctions. The brand new sets of Slovenian masculine and you will women nouns dealing with disciplines would be put into a few teams. The first one constitutes pairs which can be semantically similar and you may stylistically un), due to the fact sets regarding second group is at the mercy of (a level of) semantic narrowing and you can stylistic marking.
A model into very first category ‘s the couple zdravnica/zdravnik (‘female/male doctor’), both of that may co-exist that have phrases referring to the kind of performs, regular strategies and you may relevant specialities. The feminine nouns this kind of sets was stylistically unmarked. A similar conclusion are going to be hit into pairs sodnica/sodnik (‘female/men judge’) and you will vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj (‘female/male preschool teacher’), but with an effective caveat. The type of the two sodnica/sodnik convergence regarding industries of law and you will athletics; yet not, the information in addition to echo the fresh new societal updates of your own profession – the initial positions (age.grams., constitutional judges) will still be mostly set aside for men. The pair vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj can be defined as a beneficial borderline case ranging from marked and unmarked meaning. The new corpus data highly recommend a degree of semantic narrowing and you will stylistic marking: this is off “professor for the a student dorm” describes guys, given that the means to access adjectives (diligent women and you can rigorous males) what to gender stereotyping.